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magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth calculator

    magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth calculator

    [8] It is a mixture of wood fiber/wood flour and thermoplastics. Also, Read:What Is Leveling | 5 Different Types of Leveling Methods. A technique for correcting an electronic compasss azimuth error is revealed. Calculate the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the transferrin locus for this population. It is often parallel to true north. There is a wide variety of azimuthal map projections. In 1795 a British First Rate ship would have up to eight compasses, of which one was an improved steering compass. Magnetic Azimuth. This gives you 190 + 9 = 199. [12], The azimuth compass still had great value in letting the master of a ship determine how far the magnetic compass varied from true north, so he could set a more accurate course while following a line of constant latitude or using dead reckoning to navigate. (5) Convert the grid azimuth to a back azimuth. <<58C96DEDF9F83B41888965EF6E87E055>]>> It also may be convenient to construct a G-M angle conversion table on the margin of the map. 0000002085 00000 n Convert the grid azimuth to a back azimuth. VWdT@59m{Ol+Vy9LJT!&yh(9w $kCD=|Tl'D=c%Y^DFsIg#(gOW~qd [2] and a distance. Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, the direction of the pole star, and magnetic north as indicated by a magnetic compass. To convert degrees to mils, multiply degrees by 17.78. c. Grad. 'the directions')[1] is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. 3. [11] 1. Describe the map features identified by the following colors: Brown. I don't get why you need to substract your compass value when making the conversion to grid when grid north is . 0000000935 00000 n Figure 6-14. ( Backsighting is a method . Toconvert angleofbearing to degreesof a standardangle, subtract thebearing anglefrom 90. The opposite problem occurs when the coordinates (X1, Y1) of one point, the distance D, and the azimuth to another point (X2, Y2) are known, one can calculate its coordinates: This is typically used in triangulation and azimuth identification (AzID), especially in radar applications. (3) Lay a straight edge on the map with one end at the user's position (A) as a pivot point; then, rotate the straightedge until the unkown point is sighted along the edge. In landsurveying, abearing is a clockwise or counterclockwise angle between north or south and a direction. When converting azimuths, exercise extreme care when adding and subtracting the G-M angle. Describe the map features identified by the following colors: Red. (a) Draw a line connecting the two points (A and B). Figure 6-16. Describe the map features identified by the following colors: Blue. This is read as 34 degrees 24 minutes 16 seconds. Read the grid azimuth from the degree scale. Direction : Bearing = Azimuth 180, Azimuth =Bearing + 180, North West Direction: Bearing = 360 Azimuth, Azimuth = 360 Bearing. True North. (e) Complete the diagram by drawing an arc from each reference line to the arbitrary line. As the drilling operation have very high standards of execution, a good drilling operation depends on a good well plan. This form is used in astronomy and defining latitude and longitude. When using the map and compass method. To convert a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth, subtract the GM angle. Intersection, using map and compass. (1) Place the protractor index where the azimuth line cuts a north-south grid line, aligning the base line of the protractor directly over the intersection of the azimuth line with the north-south grid line. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. This is the reason why the X and Y axis in the above formula are swapped. in contrast to the normal Remember, there are no negative azimuths on the azimuth circle. This will prove useful when operating with old maps. It is also used for satellite dish installation (see also: sat finder). An azimuth (/ z m / (); from Arabic: , romanized: as-sumt, lit. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. d. Convert the magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. (Show the details of your work.) Ninety degrees corresponds to east, 180 degrees is south, 270 degrees is west, and 360 degrees and 0 degrees mark north. That page performs the inverse calculation: it figures out the coordinates If the line ADs azimuth is 230 degrees, the backward azimuth is 230 180 = 50 degrees. We are standing at latitude The star is the point of interest, the reference plane is the local area (e.g. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . A bearing (or azimuth) is a clockwise angle from (some) North to some direction of interest. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? b. The index mark is the center of the protractor circle from which all directions are measured. Converting to a magnetic azimuth when the G-M angle is greater. If you are not sure where you can find the formulas it will always be down by the G-M angle. Add 360 degrees if <0 degrees. [4][a] 2. 0000188532 00000 n a. Replace 2 with declination and longitude difference with hour angle, and change the sign (since the hour angle is positive westward instead of east). could be significant in the field. In the horizontal coordinate system, used in celestial navigation, azimuth is one of the two coordinates. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". If a point is East of the prime meridian (Greenwich, England), its longitude is positive. Azimuthsare used in compasssurveying, planesurveying, where it is generally measured from the north. The Enhanced Magnetic Model (EMM) is a . Identifies all relief features and elevation, such as contours on older edition maps, and cultivated land on red-light readable maps. You have. Military personnel need a way of expressing direction that is accurate, is adaptable to any part of the world, and has a common unit of measure. Label the borehole azimuth with reference to each system. To convert a grid azimuth to a. magnetic azimuth, add the value of the. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This will prove useful when operating with old maps. Abearingprovides a direction given as the primary compass direction (north or south),degreeof angle, and an east or west designation. In Colorado, the central meridian is 105 degrees, 30 minutes West Longitude, as shown here, on the left you have station D266 and on the right, station Fink. If a line has an azimuth of 150, its back azimuth would be 330. How do you convert a magnetic azimuth to a grid Azid? The University of Akron : YOU BELONG HERE! Converting to a grid azimuth when the G-M angle is greater. 4. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, High-Definition Geomagnetic Models: A New Perspective for Improved Wellbore Positioning, Samuel g r formulas and calculations for drilling operations, Space weather effects on drilling accuracy in the North Sea, The Mathematics of Modelling Directional wells, Goelogi methods in mineral exploration and mining, Experimental Feasibility of the In-Drilling Alignment Method for Inertial Navigation in Measurement-While-Drilling, Technical, economic and institutional evalutation of adopting directional drilling by Kengen, Kenya, Record 2004-007 DRILLING MANUAL NORTHERN TERRITORY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Fundamentals of well log interpretation the acquisition of logging data, well-log interpretation 1. the acquisition of logging data, A Serra, O. (c) Convert a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth when the G-M angle is greater than a grid azimuth (Figure 6-12). There is an angular difference between the grid north and the magnetic north. c. Grid Convergence. An azimuth thruster in shipbuilding is a propeller that can be rotated horizontally. a. This can be compared to the true azimuth obtained by astronomical observation to determine the magnetic declination, the amount by which the reading of a ship's compass must be adjusted to obtain an accurate reading. If the azimuth is 270 degrees, subtract 180 degrees. Figure 6-17. ) Point B is when seen from Point A. The G-M angle is important to the map reader/land navigator because azimuths translated between map and ground will be in error by the size of the declination angle if not adjusted for it. Tocalculate azimuthsabout a traverse, it is necessary to obtain the backazimuthof a line. Back Azimuth. 341.9 _______________ is a system of shared Values, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Norms (VBBN) that we use to cope with the world and each other, which is learned through interacting with others. c. To obtain an accurate reading with the protractor (to the nearest degree or 10 mils), there are two techniques to check that the base line of the protractor is parallel to a north-south grid line. When the lowest part of the sun is slightly more than half of the sun's diameter above the horizon, the center of the sun will in fact lie almost on the horizon. The basis of arriving at a correct and reasonable rate per unit.work or supply for a particular item following its specification and detail survey of materials, labour, equipment, etc. Bearing is defined as the acute angle that is measured between the reference meridian and the given line. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. e. Convert the grid azimuth to a back azimuth. Grid and Geodetic Azimuths. Another unit of measure, the mil (abbreviated ), is used mainly in artillery, tank, and mortar gunnery. c. Determine the magnetic azimuth from your location to the distant known point. Therefore add 9 degrees to your compass reading. For example, if A and B are both at sea level, as B gets farther away, it Furthermore, a general equation was generated and resolved using the Formula method of solving quadratic equation, and this could be used to predict the value of build-up rate when it is unknown for a new field. Easterly GM Angle: SUBTRACT, Westerly GM Angle: SUBTRACT The forward bearing of a line is the bearing of a line in the direction in which a survey is advancing. Bearings Surveying:Bearing of a line is its direction comparative to a specified meridian. The difference is usually negligible: less than 0.03 arc second for distances less than 100km. [13], An azimuthal compass was described in 1736, but the inventor was not named. Azimuths Surveying: Azimuths are horizontal angles computed in a clockwise manner from the reference meridian. Walter Hayes, Richard Glynne and Benjamin Ayres (died c. 1775) made accurate large azimuth compasses. A simple mistake of 1 When using the map and compass method (Figure 6-18). Example 1: Negative magnetic declination, negative grid convergence; A magnetic azimuth of 72.0 measured at a Perth location (-31 57'S, 115 51'E), on 01 July 2002 where the magnetic declination is -1.8 and the Map Grid of Australia 1994 (MGA94) zone 50 grid convergence is -0.6. Use the following steps to solve problem. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Its first recorded use in English is in the 1390s in Geoffrey Chaucer's Treatise on the Astrolabe. A line from 0 to 180 degrees is called the base line of the protractor. A glance at the completed diagram shows whether the given azimuth or the desired azimuth is greater, and thus whether the known difference between the two must be added or subtracted. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. [10], Normal-section azimuth can be calculated as follows:[citation needed], where f is the flattening and e the eccentricity for the chosen spheroid (e.g., .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1298.257223563 for WGS84). The directions are chosen so that the angle, stated between them, is positive, between zero and 90 degrees. Such procedure is important when working with a map for the first time. Movement order of briefing should include as a minimum the . However, any direction can serve as the plane of reference, as long as it is clearly defined for everyone using that system. For 1590 to 1900 the calculator is based on the gufm1 model. In Cartesian coordinate systems, whether known as State Plane, Universal Transverse Mercator, a local assumed system or any other, the direction to north . Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. the bearing 150 degrees clockwise from north. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Azimuths are often referred to as a whole circle bearing system (W.C.B). A back azimuth is calculated by adding 180 to the azimuth when the azimuth is less than 180, or by subtracting 180 from the azimuth if it is more than 180. If the azimuth becomes negative, one can always add 360. 'the directions') is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system.More specifically, it is the horizontal angle from a cardinal direction, most commonly north.. Have students construct an azimuth-back azimuth line through each point until each end of the line hits a map margin. A saddle is a dip or low point between two areas of higher ground, A valley is a stretched-out groove in the land, usually formed by streams or rivers, A depression is a low point in the ground or a sinkhole, A draw is a less developed stream course than a valley, A spur, or finger, is a short, continuous sloping line of higher ground, normally jutting out from the side of a ridge, A cliff is a vertical or near vertical feature; it is an abrupt change of the land, A cut is a man-made feature resulting from cutting through raised ground, usually to form a level bed for a road or railroad track, A fill is a man-made feature resulting from filling a low area, usually to form a level bed for a road or railroad track, 101. Azimuth/Distance calculator - by Don Cross. (6) Repeat 3, 4, and 5 for a second position and a third position, if desired. [citation needed]. See also: Latitude/Longitude Calculator. Moving clockwise on a 360 degree circle, east has azimuth 90, south 180, and west 270. In naval navigation, starboard bearings are referred to as green, while port bearings are referred to as red. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Determine the grid coordinates to the desired accuracy. b. In land navigation, azimuth is usually denoted alpha, , and defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line or meridian. Olushola Olapade, Raffaele Romagnoli, Laura Vergani. Count the number of degrees from the 0-degree mark at the top of the protractor to this north-south grid line and then count the number of degrees from the 180-degree mark at the bottom of the protractor to this same grid line. Expresses the size of an angle formed when a circle is divided into 360 angles with the vertex of the angles at the center of the circle, Used mainly in artillery, tank,. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. A circle equals 6400 mils divided by 360 degrees, or 17.78 mils per degree. The back azimuth would be 40 degrees plus 180 degrees, which equals 220 degrees. Determine the start point and objective The line is measured from north or south to east or west, yielding an angle less than 360 degrees. This is the same as changing a quadrant direction to an azimuth direction as explained in the Directional Drilling Math 1 Module. {\displaystyle \varphi _{1}} {\displaystyle (y,x)} a. HISTORY, CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES (FMF), 119. b. To obtain a back azimuth from an azimuth, add 180degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or less, or subtract 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180degrees or more (Figure 6-3). An arc indicated by a dashed line connects the prongs for true north and grid north. you can still get a pretty accurate answer minutes to complete 3 examples and will be graded on each. (2) Locate at least two known distant locations or prominent features on the ground and mark them on the map. A protractor is used to measure the angle between grid north and the drawn line, and this measured azimuth is the grid azimuth (Figure 6-4). : The University of Akron, Ohio Thebearingof a point is the number of degrees in the angle measured in a clockwise direction from the north line to the line joining the centre of the compass with the point. We can get a fair approximation by assuming the Earth is a sphere, in which case the azimuth is given by, A better approximation assumes the Earth is a slightly-squashed sphere (an oblate spheroid); azimuth then has at least two very slightly different meanings. There are 180 140 = 40 degrees between the South and the point, therefore the quadrantbearing is S40E. Preparation: Setup: Give the soldier a standard 1:50,000-scale. There he found thirty-five survivors of the mutiny on HMS Bounty led by John Adams, who gave Folger HMSBounty's azimuth compass and chronometer.[17]. This is due to the. 90 degrees 6 How do you convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth? (2) Locate and mark your position on the map. Movement Order . User Guide, THE AMERICAN PRACTICAL NAVIGATOR AN EPITOME OF NAVIGATION ORIGINALLY BY, Wellbore Path Estimation Using Measurement While Drilling Techniques: A Comparative Study and Suggestions for Improvements, UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Real Time Torque and Drag Analysis during Directional Drilling, Designing Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction Systems with Integrated Knowledge Representation Schemes, Geology and Geophysics in oil Exploration -by : Mahmoud Ahmed sroor. Azimuth compasses were important in the period before development of the reliable chronometers needed to determine a vessel's exact position from astronomical observations. This has to do with using exact mathematical calculation models, to precisely calculate well bore trajectories. Headingis the direction the aircraft is pointing. On medium-scale maps, the declination information is shown by a note in the map margin. b. Mil. x All lines of longitude are true north lines. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Convert an azimuth into a back azimuth. To calculate a back azimuth, simply add 180 to the azimuth of the line. True north is usually represented by a star (Figure 6-1). Typically the compass will have a stop in the side of the box, which the observer pushes when the sun is lined up in the sights. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". In order to measure something, there must always be a starting point or zero measurement. The back azimuth of 180 may be stated as 0 or 360. 0000001844 00000 n b. In mathematics, abearingis theanglein degrees measured clockwise from north. An azimuth (/zm/ (listen); from Arabic: , romanized:as-sumt, lit. Azimuths Surveying Vs Bearings Surveying: Applications, 5. To calculate a back azimuth, simply add 180 to the azimuth of the line. endstream endobj 238 0 obj<>/Size 223/Type/XRef>>stream When using the straightedge method (Figure 6-19). , longitude L (positive eastward). Classifies cultural (manmade) features, such as populated areas, main roads, and boundaries, on OLDER MAPS. Figure 6-13. (2) The user should re-read the azimuth between the azimuth and north-south grid line to check the initial azimuth. If the forward azimuth is larger than 180, deduct 180 to get the backward azimuth. Using a protractor, draw a line for the back azimuth on the map from the known position back toward your unknown position. How do I choose between my boyfriend and my best friend? While spinning the electronic compass 360 degrees, measure a declination value corresponding to a predetermined azimuth angle. For example, a bearing might be described as "(from) south, (turn) thirty degrees (toward the) east" (the words in brackets are usually omitted), abbreviated "S30E", which is the bearing 30 degrees in the eastward direction from south, i.e. Quite commonly, azimuths or compass bearings are stated in a system in which either north or south can be the zero, and the angle may be measured clockwise or anticlockwise from the zero. South West. While the relative positions of the prongs are correct, they are seldom plotted to scale. To calculate a back azimuth, simply add 180 to the azimuth of the line. Bearing of a lineis the angle measured from either the north or south end of a reference meridian. [16], On 6 February 1808 the American sealer Topaz, commanded by Captain Mayhew Folger, arrived at Pitcairn Island to take on fresh water. (b) To use a magnetic azimuth in the field with a compass, first change the grid azimuth plotted on a map to a magnetic azimuth (Figure 6-11). The word azimuth is used in all European languages today. (c) Keeping the index at this point, align the 0- to 180-degree line of the protractor on the vertical grid line. The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together come from. Find a distant point that can be identified on the ground and on the map. Applying offset, amplitude, and azimuth corrections to the displayed sinusoidal function. True North azimuth will equal 90; Magnetic azimuth will equal 90 plus/minus declination; Grid azimuth will equal 90 plus/minus grid convergence. There are have many steps for the fix to damaged roof shingles thats are below- At first, we have to slip the pry under the damaged shingle,, Read More How to Fix Damaged Roof Shingles | How Often Should You Replace Your Roof Shingles | Replacing Roof ShinglesContinue, What Is the Penetration Test? 0000188768 00000 n Voles (Microtus ochrogaster) were trapped in fields in southern Indiana and genotyped for a locus that encodes transferrin (a blood protein). Acacia wood is a very durable wood. For mils, if the azimuth is less than 3200mils, add 3200 mils, if the azimuth is more than 3200 mils, subtract 3200 mils. Figure 6-11. Fundamental of Well Log Interpretation, Fundamentals of Well Log Interpretation - O'Serra, Basic Map & GPS Skills (National Geographic), Introduction to Directional and Horizontal Drilling - Jim Short, MAGPICK -magnetic map & profile processing. c. weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. For example, if an azimuth is 320, the back azimuth would be 320 180 = 140. Anazimuth bearinguses all 360 of a compass to indicate direction. Draw a line between these points. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Back azimuths are calculated as follows: If the original azimuth is less than 180 degrees you ADD 180 degrees to the original azimuth, thus an azimuth of 45 degrees (<180) will have a back azimuth of 225 degrees. The user should be able to determine whether the initial azimuth reading was correct. An original azimuth of 265 degrees (>180) will have a back azimuth of 85 degrees. a. Indicates cultural (man-made) features such as buildings and roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels. %PDF-1.6 % (d) Read the value of the angle from the scale; this is the grid azimuth from point A to point B (Figure 6-4). Using the laser range finder to determine the range enhances your accuracy in determining the unknown position's location. For example, thebearing of A from B is 065. Figure 6-15. For example, if a line has anazimuthof 75, its backazimuthwould be 255. With this in mind, the problem is solved by the following steps: (a) Draw a vertical or grid-north line (prong). . A back azimuth is the opposite direction of an azimuth. The forward azimuth of the line along whereby the poll is being conducted is the forward azimuth, as well as the reversing azimuth is the backward azimuth. The conversion (add or subtract) is governed by the direction of the magnetic-north prong relative to that of the north-grid prong. of Henry Gregory Bodleian Library, "Bot. This calculator corrects for oblateness of the Earth. Figure 6-19. the distance from the center of the Earth is greater than it is near the poles. [1], When the latitude and date are known, the bearing of the sun at sunrise or sunset relative to true north can be readily determined. Figure 6-18. To convert a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth, add the value of the G-M angle to the magnetic azimuth. Share it with your friends! By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Westerly GM Angel: ADD Ensure this line is at least 2 inches long and facilitate use of the protractor {\displaystyle \varphi _{2}} It's a question that I just can't figure on my own, so I need a little help with this. In sound localization experiments and literature, the azimuth refers to the angle the sound source makes compared to the imaginary straight line that is drawn from within the head through the area between the eyes. To express direction as a unit of angular measure, there must be a starting point or zero measure and a point of reference These two points designate the base or reference line. (7) The intersection of the lines is your location. 1 Evaluation. , Bearing is represented by the letter N or S preceding the angle. Resection with map and compass. Your grid azimuth is 199 degrees. If the sun is observed at some time between sunrise and sunset, its altitude must also be recorded to calculate the true azimuth. [3][b], The sights may consist of two vanes, one with a narrow slit and the other with a wider slit bisected by a thread. The next step is to convert the magnetic azimuth to the grid azimuth. This value is expressed to the nearest 1/2 degree, with mil equivalents shown to the nearest 10 mils. It originates from medieval Arabic (al-sumt, pronounced as-sumt), meaning "the directions" (plural of Arabic al-samt = "the direction"). Note: Since true north is the reference direction most commonly used, all . 0000001114 00000 n a. Bot. Ninety degrees corresponds to east, 180 degrees is south, 270 degrees is west, and 360 degrees and 0 degrees mark north. United States Marine Corps (USMC) Operat, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. , Required Elements for Land Navigation: The most common unit of measure is the degree with its subdivision of minutes and seconds. Declination is calculated using the most recent World Magnetic Model (WMM) or the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model. x 1 What is the back azimuth of 180 degrees? As you get closer to the equator, See also: Latitude/Longitude Calculator. It is an arc, indicated by a dashed line, that connects the grid-north and magnetic-north prongs. If the points are far enough apart, chances are this straight line goes right through the Earth. The grad is a metric unit of measure found on some foreign maps. (c) Make a mark on the map at the desired azimuth. Bearings Surveying:Method of correcting the bearing in surveying. Bearingis the angle in degrees (clockwise)between North and the direction to the destination or nav aid. Azimuths are used in compass surveying and aircraft surveying and are typically measured from its north. [3], An azimuth compass is a magnetic compass where the circumference of the card is divided into 360 degrees. (3) Determine the magnetic azimuth to the unknown position using the compass. Grid north may be symbolized by the letters GN or the letter Y. The G-M angle value is the angular size that exists between grid north and magnetic north. The sun is typically observed when the sun's center is about one solar diameter above the horizon. With the iron vessels introduced in the 19th century the azimuth compass would be mounted on a pedestal at a neutral point where the readings would not be affected by magnetism of the vessel. Today, the reference plane for an azimuth is typically true north, measured as a 0 azimuth, though other angular units (grad, mil) can be used. For example, if a line has an azimuth of 75, its back azimuth would be 255. An azimuth is defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line. (4) Draw a line along the straightedge away from the known position on the ground toward your position. The 0- or 360-degree mark is always toward the top or north on the map and the 90 Draw a magnetic prong from the apex of the grid-north line in the desired direction (Figure 6-9). The declination diagram (Figure 6-8) shows the angular relationship, represented by prongs, among grid, magnetic, and true norths.

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