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which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?

    which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?

    We will probably have to evolve both new social norms as well as regulatory mechanisms if we want to maintain online environment as a source of information that many people can rely on., Stowe Boyd, futurist, publisher and editor-in-chief of Work Futures, said, The rapid rise of AI will lead to a Cambrian explosion of techniques to monitor the web and non-web media sources and social networks and rapidly identifying and tagging fake and misleading content., Jeff Jarvis, professor at the City University of New Yorks Graduate School of Journalism, commented, Reasons for hope: Much attention is being directed at manipulation and disinformation; the platforms may begin to recognize and favor quality; and we are still at the early stage of negotiating norms and mores around responsible civil conversation. to send it. C) Triesman proposed that all information is passed through the physical filter, where ratings of importance are made, to the semantic filter to determine what is attended to. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree., Micah Altman, director of research for the Program on Information Science at MIT, commented, Technological advances are creating forces pulling in two directions: It is increasingly easy to create real-looking fake information; and it is increasingly easy to crowdsource the collection and verification of information. Some respondents expect a dramatic rise in the manipulation of the information environment by nation-states, by individual political actors and by groups wishing to spread propaganda. Dealing with censorship challenges at your library or need to get prepared for them? Research demonstrates that filters consistently both over- and underblock the content they claim to filter. Tom Wolzien, chairman of The Video Call Center and Wolzien LLC, said, The market will not clean up the bad material, but will shift focus and economic rewards toward the reliable. I (still) trust the longstanding principle of free speech: The best cure for offensive speech is MORE speech. Anonymous respondent. Communication is only important if you are an upper-level manager. There are always potential compromises when our communication networks are based on human-coded technology and hardware; this [is] less the case with analog-first, digital-second systems., A professor of media and communication based in Europe said, Right now, reliable and trusted verification systems are not yet available; they may become technically available in the future but the arms race between corporations and hackers is never ending. () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? Online information more generally has an almost limitless diversity of sources, with varied credibility. Each can have real facts, but it is the facts that are gathered that matter in coming to a conclusion; who will determine what facts will be considered or what is even considered a fact., A research assistant at MIT noted, Fake and true are not as binary as we would like, and combined with an increasingly connected and complex digital society its a challenge to manage the complexity of social media without prescribing a narrative as truth., An internet pioneer and longtime leader at ICANN said, There is little prospect of a forcing factor that will emerge that will improve the truthfulness of information in the internet., A vice president for stakeholder engagement said, Trust networks are best established with physical and unstructured interaction, discussion and observation. The 10thedition manual is an indispensable resource for day-to-day guidance on maintaining free and equal access to information for all people with a chapter titled "Censorship, Challenged Resources, and Internet Filtering". Minors and Online Activity: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights (2019) Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. Filtering Software: The Religious Connection (2002) afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. A share of respondents said a lack of commonly shared knowledge leads many in society to doubt the reliability of everything, causing them to simply drop out of civic participation, depleting the number of active and informed citizens. Two rows in a cell range can be sorted independently. The WHERE clause follows the FROM clause: SELECT column1, column2, . In other words, if theres a will, theres way.. Counter-forces are already emerging. Everything, ok? Anthony responds quickly and carelessly: No worries, g2 wrk nw. Anthonys message to his coworker is. Visit our Fight Censorship page for easy-to-access resources. Understanding Communication Chapter 3.1- 3.17 Q &A Homework Help.docx, 58. However, James has chosen to not mention her, inattention to detail and her habit of coming into the office late. Or will the quality and veracity of information online deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas? Since as far back as the era of radio and before, as Winston Churchill said, A lie can go around the world before the truth gets its pants on., Michael J. Oghia, an author, editor and journalist based in Europe, said he expects a worsening of the information environment due to five things: 1) The spread of misinformation and hate; 2) Inflammation, sociocultural conflict and violence; 3) The breakdown of socially accepted/agreed-upon knowledge and what constitutes fact. 4) A new digital divide of those subscribed (and ultimately controlled) by misinformation and those who are enlightened by information based on reason, logic, scientific inquiry and critical thinking. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? The rights of minors to retrieve, interact with, and create information posted on the Internet in schools and libraries are extensions of their First Amendment rights. A share of these respondents urged action in two areas: A bolstering of the public-serving press and an expansive, comprehensive, ongoing information literacy education effort for people of all ages. Theyll be part of the immune system. If an article bursts into collective consciousness and is later proven to be fake, the sites that control or host that content could refuse to distribute advertising revenue to the entity that created or published it. C) Information with semantic relevance receives further processing even if not directly attended to. This will use a combination of organizational and technological tools but above all, will require a sharpened sense of good judgment and access to diverse, including rivalrous, sources. Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them. It must also elevate information literacy to be a primary goal of education, Theme 1: The information environment will not improve. The Future of Digital Spaces and Their Role in Democracy, What the data says about Americans views of climate change, Podcasts as a Source of News and Information, AI in Hiring and Evaluating Workers: What Americans Think, Americans confident in Zelenskyy, but have limited familiarity with some other world leaders, How Public Polling Has Changed in the 21st Century. Those players will be a key driver in the worsening of the information environment in the coming years and/or the lack of any serious attempts to effectively mitigate the problem. These very diverse players would likely oppose (or try to subvert) technological or policy interventions or other attempts to insure the quality, and especially the disinterestedness, of information., While propaganda and the manipulation of the public via falsehoods is a tactic as old as the human race, many of these experts predicted that the speed, reach and low cost of online communication plus continuously emerging innovations will magnify the threat level significantly. For instance, Christian H. Huitema, former president of the Internet Architecture Board, commented, The quality of information will not improve in the coming years, because technology cant improve human nature all that much.. When " is not any of " condition is selected, the filter will be TRUE when none of the values identified is included for a particular record. Recorded: September 15, 2016, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. A DoS attack that uses TCP flags is called a ________ attack. In fact, there is a virtuous circle where acquisition of trustable information reduces ignorance, which leads to better use of better information, etc., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Yes, trusted methods will emerge to block false narratives and allow accurate information to prevail, and, yes, the quality and veracity of information online will deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas. OAKLAND, Calif. California voters are poised to reject an affirmative action measure despite a summer of racial justice activism and overwhelming support for Black Lives Matter in one of the . Sarah Houghton and the San Jos Public Library, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters (2008) Technology is reducing opportunities for such interactions and disrupting human discourse, while giving the feeling that we are communicating more than ever.. A) Spotlight model ", Electronic Frontier Foundation They noted that misinformation and bad actors have always existed but have eventually been marginalized by smart people and processes. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? That means the continuing bifurcation of haves and have-nots, when it comes to trusted news and information., An anonymous editor and publisher commented, Sadly, many Americans will not pay attention to ANY content from existing or evolving sources. Things will improve because people individually and collectively will make it so.. Governments and organizations are major actors in this space., An anonymous respondent said, Actors can benefit socially, economically, politically by manipulating the information environment. Being banned from social media is one obvious one. There are a lot of rich and unethical people, politicians, non-state actors and state actors who are strongly incentivized to get fake information out there to serve their selfish purposes. We adopt most likely scenarios for events of which we do not have detailed knowledge, and so on. C) The early selection filter because it allows higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Algorithmic solutions to replacing human judgment are subject to hidden bias and will ultimately fail to accomplish this goal. Producers have an easy publishing platform to reach wide audiences and those audiences are flocking to the sources. Two columns in a cell range can be filtered independently. Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries, Filtering Software: The Religious Connection, Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. Several other respondents also cited this as a major flaw of this potential remedy. There is and will be space for misinformation. The excuse that the scale of posts on social media platforms makes human intervention impossible will not be a defense. James is experiencing, Jill is angry with Jack because he made a disparaging comment to another male, coworker about women during the team meeting. Many respondents noted that while the digital age has amplified countless information sources it has hurt the reach and influence of the traditional news organizations. Experimental scientists have many careful protocols in place to assure the veracity of their work, and the questions they ask have well-defined answers and still there can be controversy about what is true, what work was free from outside influence. . exam 2 possibly. There were also those among these expert respondents who said inequities, perceived and real, are at the root of much of the misinformation being produced. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new idea for a product. This report concentrates on these follow-up responses. C) 50 objects including red triangles and green circles D) Filtering enables a user to examine and analyze a subset of records. In fact, a share of the respondents predicted that the online information environment will not improve in the next decade because any requirement for authenticated identities would take away the publics highly valued free-speech rights and allow major powers to control the information environment. Broken as it might be, the internet is still capable of routing around damage., Marina Gorbis, executive director of the Institute for the Future, predicted, Its not going to be better or worse but very different. They believe that material can rise above misinformation and create a base of common knowledge the public can share and act on. Retired professor, An educator commented, Creating a reliable, trusted, unhackable verification system would produce a system for filtering and hence structuring of content. Which of these statements regarding communication within an organization is true? a) Digital Image Processing A professor based in North America said, [This] is a capitalist system. What we dont know is how to make it a thriving business. Medium conflict leads to high performance. Trust in America: Do Americans trust the news media? ", NetSmartz for ParentsandNetSmartz for KidsNational Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 2001-2015. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries (2007) Therefore there is ever more information that competes for attention, for credibility and for influence. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. As long as these incentives exist, actors will find a way to exploit them. Mental filtering is draining and straining all positives in a situation and, instead, dwelling on its negatives. The most important action societies can take to protect people is education, information and training., An early internet developer and security consultant commented, Fake news is not a product of a flaw in the communications channel and cannot be fixed by a fix to the channel. Following this wide-ranging set of comments is a much more expansive set of quotations directly tied to the five primary themes identified in this report. And can most people agree to trust anything as common knowledge? Many of those who expect the information environment to improve anticipate that information literacy training and other forms of assistance will help people become more sophisticated consumers. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree. To get to the SQL statements, I simply scroll down on the ABAP Statistics Record Screen to the SQL Statements section. They noted their faith was grounded in history, arguing that humans have always found ways to innovate to overcome problems. Their coping mechanism is to turn to entertainment or other lighter fare. Anonymous respondents shared these remarks: A number of these experts said solutions such as tagging, flagging or other labeling of questionable content will continue to expand and be of further use in the future in tackling the propagation of misinformation, The future will attach credibility to the source of any information. The truth of news stories is far murkier and multi-faceted. For instance, after fake news stories in June 2017 reported Ethereums founder Vitalik Buterin had died in a car crash its market value was reported to have dropped by $4 billion. Those trying to stop the spread of false information are working to design technical and human systems that can weed it out and minimize the ways in which bots and other schemes spread lies and misinformation. A growing fraction of the population has neither the skills nor the native intelligence to master growing complexity, and in a competitive social environment, obligations to help our fellow humans go unmet. The current [information] models are driven by clickbait, and that is not the foundation of a sustainable economic model., Stephen Downes, researcher with the National Research Council of Canada, wrote, Things will not improve. Filtering can be applied to rows but not columns. Yes, sometimes innovation leads to abuses, but further innovation tends to solve those problems., Consumers have risen up in the past to block the bullshit, fake ads, fake investment scams, etc., and they will again with regard to fake news., As we understand more about digital misinformation we will design better tools, policies and opportunities for collective action., Now that it is on the agenda, smart researchers and technologists will develop solutions., The increased awareness of the issue will lead to/force new solutions and regulation that will improve the situation in the long-term even if there are bound to be missteps such as flawed regulation and solutions along the way.. Respondents collectively articulated several major themes tied to those insights and explained in the sections below the following graphic. A leading internet pioneer who has worked with the FCC, the UNs International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the General Electric Co. (GE) and other major technology organizations commented, The internet-as-weapon paradigm has emerged., Dean Willis, consultant for Softarmor Systems, commented, Governments and political groups have now discovered the power of targeted misinformation coupled to personalized understanding of the targets. FROM table_name WHERE expression; It would be wonderful to believe otherwise, and I hope that other commentators will be able to convince me otherwise., James Schlaffer, an assistant professor of economics, commented, Information is curated by people who have taken a step away from the objectivity that was the watchword of journalism. B) 50 objects including blue squares and yellow circles. Alejandro Pisanty, a professor at UNAM, the National University of Mexico, and longtime internet policy leader, observed, Overall, at least a part of society will value trusted information and find ways to keep a set of curated, quality information resources. Online echo chambers or silos divide people into separate camps, at times even inciting them to express anger and hatred at a volume not seen in previous communications forms. Jamais Cascio, distinguished fellow at the Institute for the Future, noted, The power and diversity of very low-cost technologies allowing unsophisticated users to create believable alternative facts is increasing rapidly. B) Dual filter model What is truth? But the overarching and competing themes were clear: Those who do not think things will improve felt that humans mostly shape technology advances to their own, not-fully-noble purposes and that bad actors with bad motives will thwart the best efforts of technology innovators to remedy todays problems. That type of situation will continue. People will continue to cosset their own cognitive biases.. And those who are most hopeful believed that technological fixes can be implemented to bring out the better angels guiding human nature. There is too much incentive to spread disinformation, fake news, malware and the rest. Sorting is selective viewing of data, and Filtering is rearranging the data. We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. These respondents said the information environment cant be improved without more, well-staffed, financially stable, independent news organizations. The staff of the Office for Intellectual Freedom is available to answer questions or provide assistance to librarians, trustees, educators and the public about internet filtering. Several longer additional sets of responses tied to these themes follow that summary. Two rows in the cell range can be filtered independently. It operates at the Network layer and offers good performance but is the least secure. A professor at MIT observed, I see this as problem with a socioeconomic cure: Greater equity and justice will achieve much more than a bot war over facts. An information filtering system is a system that removes redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? $45.84$34.38\$45.84 - \$34.38 By Nancy Kranich published in Library Administration & Management, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning (2002) D) A green P. What aspect of the Stroop task demonstrates controlled processing? Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. Children's Internet Protection Act Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later (2014) Weve known since the ancient Greeks and Romans that people are easily persuaded by rhetoric; that hasnt changed much in two thousand years. As a result, there are strong economic forces incentivizing the creation and spread of fake news. people tend to seek information that aligns with their views. However, a major drawback of ECT is its cognitive side effects. Any safeguards will appear as a way to further control narrative and propagandize the population.. Martin is the financial director of the small business. On June 26, 1997, the United States Supreme Court in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997), issued a sweeping reaffirmation of core First Amendment principles and held that communications over the Internet deserve the highest level of Constitutional protection. I agree. A professor at a Washington, D.C.-area university said, It is nearly impossible to implement solutions at scale the attack surface is too large to be defended successfully., Jerry Michalski, futurist and founder of REX, replied, The trustworthiness of our information environment will decrease over the next decade because: 1) It is inexpensive and easy for bad actors to act badly; 2) Potential technical solutions based on strong ID and public voting (for example) wont quite solve the problem; and 3) real solutions based on actual trusted relationships will take time to evolve likely more than a decade., It is nearly impossible to implement solutions at scale the attack surface is too large to be defended successfully.

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