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puttalam to colombo train time table

    puttalam to colombo train time table

    Nattandiya railway station Contact phone Number : 032-2222271 The route passes through Kandy and Katugastota. WebPuttlam Line Railway Time Table Sri Lanka railway department web site provides most accurate railway time table. Find cheap and discount hotels with Currency exchange in Puttalam with real guest reviews and ratings. (2017) 12 VSS 11% VSS VSS 1. VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS ( 12)30 12 VSS (Schleifer et al.2019)() VSS VSS VSS () VSS VSS VSS VSS(Grabs,2020Ponte,2019)31 VSS VSS () VSS VSS VSS 100 VSS (Loconto and Dankers,2014) VSS VSS VSS (Auld et al.2015) VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS (Auld and Renckens,2021Levy et al.2016) VSS VSS VSS 32 VSS VSS () 13VSS VSSA. VSS, VSSVSS VSS VSS, VSS (2017 ) VSS (Korea Forest Service,2017) VSS (Korea Forest Service,2018UNFSS,2020)(RED) VSS VSS VSS 34 VSS VSS VSS (RTRS)(RSB)( UNFSS,2020) VSS (2016) VSS VSS VSS VSS B.VSS (FTAs)(UNFSS,2020)(PTA)(Marx,2019)(TREND)() 1970 1990 (Morin et al.2018) VSS 19 VSS, VSS (UNFSS,2020)VSS(EFTA)VSS VSS ()VSS ( ) 27 VSS VSS (Marx,2019)()35 C. VSS() 15%(Martin-Ortega and OBrien,2019UNFSS,2020)VSS (UNFSS,2020) VSS(Marx,2019) VSS VSS VSS, VSSVSS D.VSS ()(Bright et al.2020) VSS VSS VSS VSSVSS VSS361. VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS (UNFSS,2020) 90%40 60%10%2018 9 (UNFCCC,2021)37 VSSVSS VSS VSS VSS, VSS VSSVSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS38Auld G(2014).Constructing Private Governance:The Rise and Evolution of Forest,Coffee,and Fisheries Certification.Yale University Press.New Haven,CT.Auld G,Bernstein S and Cashore B(2008a).The new corporate social responsibility.Annual Review of Environment and Resources.33:413435.Auld G,Gulbrandsen LH and McDermott CL(2008b).Certification schemes and the impacts on forests and forestry.Annual Review of Environment and Resources.33:187211.Auld G and Gulbrandsen LH(2010).Transparency in nonstate certification:Consequences for accountability and legitimacy.Global Environmental Politics.10:97119.Auld G,Renckens S and Cashore B(2015).Transnational private governance between the logics of empowerment and control.Regulation&Governance.9:108124.Auld G and Renckens S(2021).Private sustainability governance,the Global 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sourcing policies and consumer demand.Geneva.ITC(2021).The State of Sustainable Markets 2021:Statistics and Emerging Trends.GenevaITC(2022).ITC Standards Map App.Available at https:/standardsmap.org/en/identify.Korea Forest Service(2017).Act on the Sustainable Use of Timbers.Available at:https:/www.documents.clientearth.org/wp-content/uploads/library/2017-09-22-korean-act-on-the-sustainability-of-woodext-en.pdf.41Korea Forest Service(2018).Detailed standards for determining the legality of imported timber and timber products.Available at:https:/www.forest.go.kr/images/data/down/Detailed Standards for Determining the Legality of Imported Timber and Timber Products.pdf.LeBaron G,Lister J and Dauvergne P(2017).Governing global supply chain sustainability through the ethical audit regime.Globalizations.14(6):958975.Levy D,Reinecke J and Manning S(2016).The political dynamics of sustainable coffee:Contested value regimes and the transformation of sustainability.Journal of Management Studies.53(3):364401.Locke R M(2013).The Promise and Limits of Private Power:Promoting Labor Standards in a Global Economy.Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics,Cambridge University Press.Cambridge and New York,NY.Loconto A and Dankers C(2014).Impact of international voluntary standards on smallholder market participation in developing countries:A review of the literature.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Rome.Martin-Ortega O and OBrien CM,eds. (2019).Public Procurement and Human Rights.Edward Elgar Publishing.Cheltenham.Marx A(2008).Limits to non-state market regulation:A qualitative comparative analysis of the international sport footwear industry and the Fair Labor Association.Regulation&Governance.2(2):253273.Marx A(2013).Varieties of legitimacy:A configurational institutional design analysis of eco-labels.Innovation:European Journal of Social Science Research.26:268287.See https:/ A(2014).Legitimacy,institutional design,and dispute settlement:The case of eco-certification systems.Globalizations.11:401416.Marx A(2017).The public-private distinction in global governance:How relevant is it in the case of voluntary sustainability standards?Chinese Journal of Global Governance.3:126.See https:/ A(2019. Type : Add a missing stop Edit Train Merge Connecting Train Delete Train #1. Major cities such as Nugegoda, Maharagama, Kottawa, Homagama, Avissawella, Eheliyagoda, Ratnapura, Pelmadulla and Embilipitiya fall within this route. Via Kalutara, Ambalangoda, Galle and Matara. Train Schedule - Train Time Table Colombo Fort to Galle; Bus Routes Sri Lanka; Sri Lankan FM Radio Stations Frequency List; Some details and images displayed here, were taken from other websites. Bangadeniya railway station (2019 )( VSS) VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS 4 A.VSS (Marx and Depoorter,2022)VSS /VSS VSS VSS (FSC)(MSC)(FWF)(BCI) 1987 VSS VSS 300 (ITC Standards Map,2022) 450 (Ecolabel Index,2022) VSS VSS B.VSS 1928 (Demeter)(Marx and Wouters,2015a)VSS VSS 1954 Spiel Gut 1970 1971 Bioland,1973(California Certified Organic Farmers) 1973 1978 (Blue Angel) VSS 2 1942 2022 VSS VSS 2022 1980 VSS,1990 6 2 VSS 1942-2022 050100150200250300350400450500194219521962197219821992200220122022VSS(2022)(2022) VSS VSS 1990 2010 VSS 2017 1990 VSS C. 1990 2010 VSS VSS ( 3)7 31990 2010 VSS VSSVSSVSS1.() 1990 2010 VSS (ORourke,2012)VSS VSS VSS VSS (buycott)(Bartley et al.2015) VSS,82010 45%2001 2.9%(Ingenbleek and Reinders,2013:467) 125% 2010 43.6 2018 98 (Fairtrade,2019ITC,2019) VSS ()(Hainmueller et al.2015)(Taufique et al.2017Thgersen at al.2017)(Grabs et al.2020Hainmueller et al.2015)VSS VSS (Marx and Wouters,2015aSchleifer et al.2019)(Tayleur et al.2017Garrett and Pfaff,2019)2.() VSS VSS (Auld et al.2008aGereffi et al.2001Marx,2008) VSSBartley(2003)Gereffi et al. Distance from Fort station : 45.0 km Distance from Fort station : 46.6 km Distance from Fort station : 91.6 km Distance from Fort station : 130.4 km Web471.1/km 2 (1,220/sq mi) Time zone. Jaela railway station 300 - Rs. Distance from Fort station : 101.9 km Sri Lanka Railways has announced that the new revised train ticket fares will be effective from 25th July. WebFind Train/Railway schedule, railway ticket price and Railway station contact detail NEGOMBO to COLOMBO FORT )Public procurement and human rights:Current role and potential of voluntary sustainability standards.pp.132-149 In:Martin-Ortega O and OBrien CM,eds.Public Procurement and Human Rights.Edward Elgar Publishing.Cheltenham:Marx A and Cuypers D(2010).Forest certification as a global environmental governance tool:What is the macro-effectiveness of the Forest Stewardship Council?Regulation&Governance.4(4):408434.Marx A and Wouters J(2015a).Competition and cooperation in the market of voluntary sustainability standards.In:Delimatsis P,ed.The Law,Economics and Politics of International Standardisation.Cambridge University Press.Cambridge:215241.Marx A and Wouters J(2015b).Redesigning enforcement in private labour regulation:Will it work?International Labour Review.155:435459.Marx A and Wouters J(2018).Explaining new models of global voluntary reg rganizationalcan organisational studies contribute?Global Policy.9(1):121128.Marx A and Depoorter C(2021).Achieving the Global 2030 Agenda:What role for voluntary sustainability standards?In:von Schnurbein G,ed.Transitioning to Strong Partnerships for the Sustainable Development Goals.Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute(MDPI).Basel:95110.Marx A,Depoorter C and Vanhaecht R(2021).Voluntary sustainability standards:State of the art and future research.Standards.2(1):1431.42Marx A and Depoorter C(2022).Voluntary Sustainability Standards.In:Delimatsis P and Reins L,eds.Encyclopedia of Trade and Environmental Law.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing,704-714.Meemken E M(2020).Do smallholder farmers benefit from sustainability standards?A systematic review and meta-analysis.Global Food Security.26,100373.Meier C,Sampson G,Larrea C,Schlatter B,Voora V,Dang D,Bermudez S,Wozniak J and Willer H(2020).The State of Sustainable Markets 2020:Statistics and Emerging Trends.International Trade Centre.Geneva.Morin JF,Dr A and Lechner L(2018).Mapping the trade and environment nexus:Insights from a new data set.Global Environmental Politics.18(1):122139.MSI Integrity(2020).Not Fit-for-Purpose:The Grand Experiment of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives in Corporate Accountability,Human Rights and Global Governance.See https:/www.msi-integrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/MSI_Not_Fit_For_Purpose_FORWEBSITE.FINAL_.pdf.OECD(2020).Trade policy implications of global value chains.Paris.Available at https:/www.oecd.org/trade/topics/global-value-chins-and-trade/.ORourke D(2012).Shopping for Good.MIT Press.Cambridge,MA.Oya C,Schaefer F and Skalidou D(2018).The effectiveness of agricultural certification in developing countries:A systematic review.World Development.112:282312.Ponte S(2019).Business,Power and Sustainability in a World of Global Value Chains.Bloomsbury Publishing.London.Power M(1997).The Audit Society:Rituals of Verification.Oxford University Press.Oxford.Rickenbach M and Overdevest C(2006)More than markets:Assessing Forest Stewardship Council(FSC)certification as a policy tool.Journal of Forestry.104:143147.Sabel C,ORourke D and Fung A(2000).Ratcheting labor standards:Regulation for continuous improvement in the global workplace.Columbia Law and Economic Working Paper No.185.Columbia Law School,New York,NY.Scharpf FW(1999).Governing in Europe:Effective and Democratic?Oxford University Press.Oxford.Schleifer P,Fiorini M and Fransen L(2019).Missing the bigger picture:A population-level analysis of transnational private governance organizations active in the Global South.Ecological Economics.164 106362Strathern M(2000).Audit Cultures.Routledge.London.Takahashi T(2001).Why firms participate in environmental voluntary initiatives:Case studies in Japan and Canada(PhD.thesis).University of British Columbia,Vancouver,BC.Takahashi R and Todo Y(2013).The impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation:A case study from a wild coffee forest in Ethiopia.Journal of Environmental Management,130:4854.Takahashi R and Todo Y(2014).The impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation using remote sensing and household data.Environmental Impact Assessment Review.44:7681.Taufique KM,Vocino A and Polonsky MJ(2017).The influence of eco-label knowledge and trust on pro-environmental consumer behaviour in an emerging market.Journal of Strategic Marketing.7:511529.Tayleur C,Balmford A,Buchanan GM,Butchart SHM,Ducharme H,Green RE,Milder JC,Sanderson FJ,Thomas DHL,Vickery J and Phalan B(2017).Global coverage of agricultural sustainability standards,and their role in conserving biodiversity.Conservation Letters.10:610618.43Thgersen J,Haugaard P and Olesen A(2017).Consumer responses to ecolabels.European Journal of Marketing.44(11/12):17871810.Traldi R(2021).Progress and pitfalls:A systematic review of the evidence for agricultural sustainability standards.Ecological Indicators.125,107490.UNFCCC(2021).Gabons Proposed Modified National REDD Forest Reference Level Conseil National Climat,Gabonese Republic.Available at https:/redd.unfccc.int/files/gabon_frl_modified_oct2021_clean_final.pdf.UNCTAD(2013).Non-tariff measures to trade:Economic and policy issues for developing countries.Available at https:/unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditctab20121_en.pdf.UNCTAD(2019).Trade Policies and Their Impact on Inequalities(United Nations publication.Sales No.E.19.II.D.21.Geneva).Available at https:/unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tdb66_d4_en.pdf.UNCTAD(2021a).Better Trade for Sustainable Development:The Role of Voluntary Sustainability Standards.Available at https:/unctad.org/meeting/better-trade-sustainable-development-role-voluntary-sustainabilitystandards-vss.UNCTAD(2021b).The Bridgetown Convenant:From Inequality and Vulnerability to Prosperity for All.Available at https:/unctad.org/system/files/official-document/td541add2_en.pdf.UNCTAD(2022).NTMs from A to Z. Contact phone Number : 2253571 It will also be possible to reduce the travel time from Jaffna to Colombo by one and a half hours. Tickets cost Rs. Colombo Fort. Find cheap and discount hotels with Currency exchange in Puttalam with real guest reviews and ratings. Distance from Fort station : 48.8 km (2020) VSS SDG VSS 232 VSS 17 ( 6)VSS 8() 12() 2() 200 VSS 16() 15() 5()9() 7() 10()VSS VSS VSS VSS 180207194191136198125222129112200214196115816500501001502002501234567891011121314151617 VSSBissinger et al. The Panadura - Kandy route is a famous route which goes via Moratuwa, Dehiwala, Nugegoda, Battaramulla, Kaduwela and Belummahara. Station List. , The Colombo - Kandy route (A1) passes through Peliyagoda, Kadawatha, Nittambuwa, Warakapola, Ambepussa, Kegalla, Mawanella, Kadugannawa and Peradeniya, The Colombo - Matara route passes through some major cities such as Moratuwa, Panadura, kalutara, Aluthgama, Ambalangoda, Hikkaduwa and Galle. Puttalam railway station Contact phone Number : 031-2277271 Distance from Fort station : 30.1 km It will also be possible to reduce the travel time from Jaffna to Colombo by one and a half hours. Thanks for reading Tangalla - Jaffna Bus Time Table. Distance from Fort station : 54.3 km Polwattage said. (Highway A2). (2022)6 5099 . Erukkalam pendu railway station 260 - Rs. This service allows viewing Train schedules with time/ station details and ticket prices according to the search criteria. Distance from Fort station : 42.138 http://www.eservices.railway.gov.lk, The Sri Lanka Air Force Museum was started as a Air Craft Preservation and Storage Unit (Calculated based on a five-year CAGR for Latino population of 3 percent. A flight, belonging to Sri Lankas Fitsair, carrying 143 passengers from Chennai to Colombo was on Friday diverted to the countrys southern provinces Mattala airport due to inclement weather, aviation officials said. The route goes through Kegalla, Galigamuwa, Kotiyakumbura and Karawanella. Distance from Fort station : 35.3 km WebTrain Type : Runs on : Saturday Only Arrival : N/A Departure : 05:30 am More.. Intercity (Polgahawela Colombo Fort) Train Type : Runs on : Daily Arrival : 05:35 am Departure : Manuwangama railway station Kuda wawa railway station Trains - Sri Lanka. 8%p.a.543210201110.41210.31310.71410.91511.11610.71711.11811.91911.92012.1202112.7White,non-Latino householdsLatino householdsExhibit 3The gap in Latino consumption based on their share of population has decreased in the past 5 years,but is still meaningful at$554 billion.The gap in Latino consumption based on their share of population has decreased in the past 5 years,but is still meaningful at$554 billion.Latino share of aggregate expenditure vs.share of population,iference between total aggregate household expenditure times Latino share of population,and current Latino aggregate expenditure.From Consumer Expenditure Survey.Source:US Census Bureau,Consumer Expenditure Surveys(https:/www.bls.gov/cex/)(2020)17.6.7 16-6.9 p.p.-6.9 p.p.12.7 2118.9%Share of populationShare of consumptionAggregate expenditure for US households in 2021 was$8.937BAggregate expenditure for Latino households in 2021 was$1.135BRepresenting agap in consumption,or 6.2pp diference with expected expenditure based on the Latino share of households$554Bcompared to$20,900.16 This is largely driven by higher spending on essentials,with half of Latino income,on average,going to food at home,housing,and healthcare.However,given that Latino households are larger than non-Latino White households(with an average of 3 people per household,compared to 2.3 for non-Latino Whites),the actual spend per consumer is slightly lower($7,100 for Latinos versus$9,087 for non-Latino White counterparts).1716 Ibid.17 Ibid.17The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveLatino consumer needs are not being metAcross all categories,Latinos are more dissatisfied with current offerings than their non-Latino White counterparts.18 Twenty-eight percent of Latinos report being unhappy with current product offerings,compared to 21 percent of non-Latino Whites.19 Dissatisfaction represents a missed opportunity for companiesLatino consumption could be significantly increased if their needs were met more effectively.In some instances,Latinos may have a need for products in particular categories but are not purchasing,while in other instances,Latinos are buying products in categories even though they are not satisfied with the product choice,quality,or price.Product penetration among Latinos can be low:a quarter of Latinos do not currently purchase in specific spending categories(such as makeup or full-service restaurants),despite being decision makers and having a need for the product,thus creating another significant opportunity for companies.Consumer dissatisfaction varies extensively among Latino subgroups,driven by differences in education,income,background,and gender.Latinos who are less educated are unhappier with products.Their dissatisfaction scores are 14 percentage points higher than the average Latino.Those who have not completed high school are three times more dissatisfied than non-Latino Whites at the same educational level.20 Latinos from lower-income backgrounds(less than$50,000 per year)have an average dissatisfaction nine percentage points higher than the average for Latinos,at 37 percent.And first-generation immigrants are seven percentage points more dissatisfied than average.Latina women are ten percentage points more dissatisfied than Latino men,similar to the 12 percentage point difference seen between White men and women.Latino dissatisfaction with current product offerings grew significantly between 2021 and 2022 across all categories,and they are consistently more dissatisfied than non-Latino Whites,even though non-Latino Whites are also more dissatisfied than previously.Beauty and personal care,18 Dissatisfaction is measured by rating satisfaction levels between one and six on a ten-point scale.19Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).20Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).A quarter of Latinos do not currently purchase in specific spending categories,despite being decision makers and having a need for the product,thus creating another significant opportunity for companies.18The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveentertainment,hospitality and travel,vehicle purchases,housing,banking and financial services,and healthcare are all categories with higher-than-average Latino dissatisfaction.Latinos are dissatisfied with current product offerings for several reasons,particularly price,lack of features,and lack of value for money.For both non-Latino Whites and Latinos,affordability and quality are the main decision drivers for purchases.High prices are linked to dissatisfaction across categories,and,given low disposable income(as discussed in the previous chapter),remain a critical consideration.A shortage of quality products and poor value for money also lead to dissatisfaction(Exhibit 4).And,while less important than price,customers are disappointed with companies that are not committed to addressing social inequities.Opportunities to address dissatisfaction:A win-win situationAddressing Latino consumers dissatisfaction could benefit both companies and consumers.Latino buyers would be willing to increase their consumption by up to 25 percent if products were more affordable,of a higher quality,and healthier;they expressed willingness to pay 28 percent more if the top reasons for dissatisfaction were addressed.Altogether,they would be willing to spend a total of$33 billion more per year across all categories if their needs were met (Exhibit 5).Even Latino consumers who are currently satisfied would be willing to pay more if product offerings were improved,with a total of$76 billion of revenue at stake.21 With$109 billion in current and potential spending at stake,companies that address dissatisfaction may benefit from additional market support.However,this is unlikely to be incremental,as much of this would be due to potential shifts in spending from one product or service to another.Exhibit 4Affordability and product quality are key drivers of dissatisfaction among Latinos.18%8%9%7%6%8%6%6%5%6%5%9%9%6%6%8%8%7%6%5%6%5%6%6%5%8%5%6%6%9%6%4%4%5%5%5 pp diferenceLatinoWhiteAfordability and product quality are key drivers of dissatisfaction among Latinos.Top reasons for Latino dissatisfaction across products and services,Each percentage is out of 100%,as question asks binary yes or no whether reason is tied to dissatisfaction.N/A if question was not asked regarding that category.Source:McKinsey consumer survey,August 2022(n=4,400)AfordabilityQualityVarietyLack of commitment to social inequitiesConvenienceNot produced/ofered/owned by racial/ethnic groupTrusthworthinessFood and beverages at homeFood and bev away from homeBeauty and personal careBankingHousehold and cleaning21Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).19The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveExhibit 5Latino consumers would be willing to spend$33 billion more if reasons for dissatisfaction were addressed Latino consumers would be willing to spend$33 billion more if reasons for dissatisfaction were addressedShare of Latino respondents expressing dissatisfaction with current oferings in category,7293224283027322625252528327.4.1.1.8.9%9.5.5.8%8.0.3.3.8.4%9.1,85,13,83,72,62,01,31,10,60,60,60,50,4TBD33,11454334291721121084453TBD335Aggregate yearly spend for dissatisfed Latino households,$BAdditional WTP for better products Size of unmet demand,$billion1Average yearly spend per household from consumer expenditure survey,times 19.7M Latino consumer units,times share of households dissatisfed.2Expressed additional willigness to pay if reasons for dissatisfaction were adressed.Source:McKinsey consumer survey 2022(n=4,400)Hospitality and travelVehicle purchasesFood&beverages at homeFood&beverages away from home Apparel(incl.footwear)TelecomEntertainmentBeauty&personal care productsHousehold&cleaningConsumer electronicsEducationBanking&fnancial servicesTotalHealthcareHousingCategories with greatest dissatisfaction20The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveLatino consumption patterns:Strategic spenders,socially aware,and social media savvyThere is also a$554 billion gap in Latino consumption based on the discrepancy between their total expenditure as a share of overall US spending and their share of populationand closing this gap would require improving Latino income levels.This is in addition to the$109 billion of spending at stake that arises from Latino consumer needs going unmet,discussed above.Understanding how Latinos consume,and how their behavior differs from non-Latinos,will allow society to close this gap and realize the benefits.Latinos tend to be careful and strategic spenders,and,despite having a lower average income than non-Latino Whites,are discerning consumers with a high level of attention for sustainability considerations when making a purchase.22 They are,overall,conservative and conscious spenders.Latinos spend a greater proportion of their income on essentials compared to their non-Latino White counterparts(40 percent compared to 33 percent).Survey data shows they tend to be more price-conscious than the general US population,feel more financial pressure,and actively look for savings and deals.23 Almost half of Latinos are actively looking for ways to save money,above the national average of 44 percent.They are also more willing to switch to less-expensive products to save costs(34 percent compared to 27 percent of all consumers),and more than a third of Latinos actively research the best promotions when seeking to make purchases(35 percent compared to 29 percent of all consumers).Moreover,this price-conscious behavior supports the finding that Latinos in lower-income households(representing the majority)tend to spend less per person than their non-Latino White counterparts.As a result,Latinos,like non-Latino Whites,are increasingly looking for ways to save money.They pay similar attention to prices when shopping compared to non-Latino Whites(47 percent compared to 45 percent).Latinos may be willing to spend more on products they care about,while finding cheaper alternatives for those they are less invested in.But Latinos may also be under more pressure to save money because of their larger average household size,which necessitates greater spending on essentials.Latinos are comfortable shopping online and are engaged consumers.They are more conscious of sustainability considerations and are more likely to factor in such considerations when making purchases than the general population.24 Social issues and organic products are particularly important to them compared to the general population(a 12 and 14 percentage point difference respectively).In total,82 percent of Latinos report that they use omnichannel(online and in-store)and e-commerce platforms,compared to 80 percent of the overall population.25 Social media can be a powerful influence on consumer behavior and its effects are more pronounced in Latinos than in the overall US population.Latinos of all age groups are more likely to be influenced by social media when making a purchase,with 68 percent of them reporting that they are nudged toward certain brands by social media posts compared to 47 percent overall among US consumers.26 Correspondingly,Latinos have a higher average level of social media engagement than non-Latinos across all major social media platforms.For instance,89 percent of Latinos use YouTube at least weekly,compared to 75 percent overall.2722Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).23 Consumer sentiment survey,McKinsey,2021.24Consumer pulse survey:February 25 to March 1,2022,McKinsey,2022(n=2,160;sampled to match US general population 18 years).25 Ibid.26 Ibid.27 Ibid.21The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveAcross the board,the categories that see the largest influence from social media are appearance related,such as fitness and wellness services,skin care and makeup,and accessories and jewelry.However,among Latinos,influence from social media in consumer electronics and home decoration is felt significantly more strongly than in the overall population,with a 24 and 19 percentage point difference,respectively,in the percentage of respondents who were influenced by social media in purchases in these categories.28Latino consumers are also much more likely to be influenced by brands and celebrities posts on social media,and documentaries,compared to non-Latinos.Half of Latino consumers said they were inspired to purchase by these sources,compared to a quarter of non-Latinos.29 Latino consumers are feeling the inflationary pinch The COVID-19 pandemic hit Latinos hard and inflation is compounding the impact.In response,almost 80 percent of Latinos are taking action to manage their expenses due to inflationary pressures,compared to two-thirds of non-Latino consumers.30 This may include reducing savings,increasing credit card balances,taking on more hours at work or a second job,and skipping bills or paying less than the minimum due.Latinos pre-existing price-conscious behavior has been exacerbated by high inflation.A fifth are planning to cut back on spending,compared to 14 percent of non-Latino Whites,while 82 percent are trading down across categories,compared to 74 percent of non-Latinos.31 This includes adjusting the quantity or pack sizes purchased,delaying purchases,switching to a cheaper brand,and taking on more debt by usingbuy-now,pay-laterservices(a strategy that is more prevalent among Latinos than the general population by 11 percentage points).Overall consumption is expected to fall across the board,with Latinos cutting back more than non-Latino Whites.Total consumption is predicted to drop by 7 percent among Latinos,compared to only 1 percent in non-Latino Whites.32 The fall in Latino spending could account for an aggregate loss of$80 billion,close to the expected effect of reduced consumption among non-Latino Whites,at$100 billionthis despite non-Latino Whites having six times the aggregate consumption of Latinos.Non-essential categories will be particularly hard hit,even after sustaining a drop in spending due to COVID-19.Although overall spending,which dipped in 2020,has now mainly returned to 2019 levels,essential goods account for a larger share than previously.Going forward,Latinos are predicted to reduce their spending at three times the rate of the general population for essential categories,and five times for non-essentials.33 They are likely to pull back on non-essential spending by 10 percent but will only drop spending by 3 percent for essentials.34 To reduce their spending,consumers across the board are responding to inflation by choosing private brands across categories.Overall,48 percent of customers who noticed inflation changed brands,and,of this,the switch was to private brands 38 percent of the time.Latinos reflect this general trend,with 47 percent switching brands and 36 percent switching to private brands.28 Ibid.29Future of food survey 2022,McKinsey,December 2021.30Consumer pulse survey:June 7 to October 7,2022,McKinsey,2022.31 Ibid.32Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).33 Housing,food and beverages at home,and healthcare are considered to be essential products or services.34 Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).22The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveMore vulnerable cohorts are likely to be badly affected by inflation(Exhibit 6).Latinos with less acculturation,a low household income level,and those with little formal education are expected to reduce their consumption by around five percentage points more than the average for Latinos.First-generation Latino immigrants are also expected to be hard hit,reducing their consumption by an extra three percentage points.And gender is a significant factorwomen are likely to reduce their consumption by a further three percentage points.Exhibit 6Inflation will hit vulnerable Latinos particularly hardWhites,non-LatinoLatinos1pp reduction in consumption than average LatinoAverage expected change in Latino consumption due to InfationInfation will hit vulnerable Latinos particularly hard.Source:McKinsey consumer survey,August 2022(n=4,400)5 pp diference 10pp diference 26The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveExhibit 2Price and poor value dissuade Latinos from purchasing in beauty and personal care.Price and poor value dissuade Latinos from purchasing in Beauty and Personal Top reasons for Latinos not purchasing products,ach percentage is out of 100%,as question asks binary yes or no whether reason is tied to dissatisfaction.Source:McKinsey consumer survey,August 2022(n=4,400)5%4%7%6ordabilityVarietyNot meeting need of racial/ethnic groupMany products/services are not high qualityConvenienceFeaturesDont support the environmentNot animal friendly23%7%7%2%5%9%5%3%4%1%4%1%7%4$%5%5%3%1%4%3%5%9%4%1%8%3%2%7%1%3%1%7%2%4%1%4%2%4%10%7%4%3%6%3%4%2%7%3%2%4%2%2%3%2%WhiteLatino5 pp diference 10pp diference Face skin careHair careMakeupFragrance27The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thrive28The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thrive3.Poised for success:Latinos at work,in business,and in wealth creationLatinos play a significant role in the US economy as workers,business owners,consumers,and savers or investors.However,they face many barriers to advancing,whether on an individual or business front,and would benefit from interventions to overcome these obstacles.The private sector can also play an important role as Latinos seek to reach their full potential.Latino workers:A key pillar in the US workforceOne in every five workers in the US is Latino,and the number is growing rapidly.They earn 12 percent of wages and represent 18 percent of the workforce,making Latino workers a key pillar in the US economy.Although the COVID-19 pandemic impacted them disproportionately and Latinos are feeling the effects of elevated US inflation acutely,Latinos workforce share could increase to 23 percent in 2030.36The Latino workforce has progressed over the past decade,increasing its share in higher-paying occupations by five percentage points.Yet Latinos still face steep barriers to mobility,including wage disparity,implicit biases,discrimination,and lack of additional training opportunitiesall of which hinder Latinos from reaching their full potential.And,compared to non-Latino Whites,Latinos are primarily concentrated in low-wage occupations and are paid less than non-Latino White workers within the same occupations.Overcoming these barriers could boost their annual income by more than$281 billion,enhancing their well-being and the health of the overall US economy.37Most are born in the USAand are of prime working ageThe majority of the Latino workforce was born in the US and over 60 percent are of Mexican origin.Altogether,43 percent of Latino workers are younger than 25 years old,compared to 32 percent of the overall US population,and 69 percent are between the prime working ages of 25 and 54,compared to 64 percent of overall.38 36 Current population survey,employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population,US Bureau of Labour Statistics.

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