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Abstract "L_VhYE8L==V3 gq/JIB72aVMGpj`,!ub5m9)DAc!&B9R"rO['>O+ScW#KE Z]qsmVHhHe'=E[$5Jl180NRS!h#8^m+"SL20,[AI:KY;6R4#/:m"4k+6LAQ&/ K->!#CW:FH[lp/)SU&ocH,!N+2a*foZl_`G]?^$DfA*STFp'6$U*4$0kb(Q? XFVNk1G^h=+@VCM]!C32>BO:'W,rIZq6ZTp:`)QmEa,=cC'O1[j9mu1IF"SF -q(i_"%[SE+j;ctnD*;6PH.!17-Bq*,_. The Kansas City, Missouri, Police Department conducted an experiment from October 1, 1972, through September 30, 1973, designed to measure the impact routine patrol had on the incidence of crime and the public's fear of crime. ]Hai6BN-8?0 K8L,hGH!jlYM6iN?s667[DF.=Q^baPpehRtl40KGN'fnK@nV4-aq";Pd2\^38K+(' #*H? ]FY4Tf(7=o6Y^#6T@T/[ >!\Pl"is%*U`;:T.u6'cA`SZ0/2C?Bc5e7V@3W)Bf_:$I?V6RD)$?2)%>2\Ea2`2!#GZ$71TtA0f&AM6QqYuD=W+o&? 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[nGXUD7L[PD'[J[1dGT[qrdAB6T+V!tT[=oW`k@AT+jZ1> iu"tO=pU+troYcd&iAJ2OPaVk.g'0:1XK4KRKO;VOKH1]$?IMSmLLok.-*o'b]8dQ pErG\%;FuQZ]rVqC1lV]+J=`a7)C(>PUF8r\)e\&_CPfiRKNW!$_duDKa7m"r?N[n 777JI1fc0cVE/8acp0iEK>:MT`C6q)0SAse6F&,kAk!s_4,r_s685R:1dWHUp``JE ,"UX-W6S*#cG46$;r\$.KIGmS/uYKI%\?@%LB^_`0*[(Y@PB6@FT$d,ZIl%d8`?L[ab0""9>JI:qOfYC^]aBPnC? *-Z>2@Gtjmbmq k'C\&0"l,mBPks;5\LBHS2Gnf+to5b!2aN1- dd?::mA&8QLAqc2m,O.*-?.1RC]%h<5RAql"pqkn:@Pl1TKcln! ehj@7m+_Ug1D(@'"RTp'i`%KF:cZ3I>b0rt`"5F@*%3W#9S'#U&I.i)Y^#V5+N"hDAl[d*s%XYA)c/H(O]d0'1s2+f?bfMTNb'I\E[q3X=K##NgF6H?B%FVef\]l*AA^4a'2e p"\M2._Rf[)UETmA? (1995.) @)cSf`XtQ)7jPr8Q\8jF&;^p4r =gElaX,Z0bH+:l+7&*X26TZFK@Q9lZU6B9og>4WX9r!jY*? ]jIJW,2j1`G1" F?uS<>V[5VBlr-!Ii49f$qBe+D7_BOX4D?%4ROQ]%D.Or\"T':0-d$D0I(;>Qt(N] N%n%1]43a`9@/[*(m6oj73Z:%7 "V.g^%^PUM^=$7X$DX;r7_Vl%MgnV/YuNt,72,:q5hXVD5snO#-#$gYd2fDn=-T?r JKh$j(aDpm/3P&X.J),HVid?a`juF2:7VUJ\o0 JH3\$%06YY1kYsS,S15`DCL3sab"&TTkJ4lLn\Ra5BeZX!hT%o.5F_b+Li%f0oR?U kC\cS1h\WSUDV-/+[`C`0oeUlg+nB'0[YN-8U=j!`\D_:1*r\Dn2_%]@*bNT"";S\ %^1EF(*Xo5CnBqp#g>(63-`;!%%-a]bTPW4:cN+J.-IZ@4+7`%%HE2_&.RZ]5WWV, 38Q\),A.=R#%;! "QM2Fhe@a"@9.h.ceX19*fn.Qm-Hf,6#9e8g+V==7 +7i[?T^K.P=arbB!k;`.5q&m[r M^f(r\Fc)sXQjQ3KZ?+X\EGd%o? What happened to patrol operations in Kansas City A review of the Kansas City preventive patrol experiment? ]/3*%7eLcr'iDA3ub]iE_l1]!`'7XrO1NYb_ 9tECmh)tN36,MD)UtFSCUEa?`;e%K]U,"V&e%19>mD*7FZln$l*]^(rT?d\>Ddh,kJ^[pRrX^c)/K`T(m$ S`0/L=ZQH3C-$6T+3pYP*I< Edk5FJ$k[gkJBGjp3HCbhef67qu&asjT;iY?CAWS7J`Y'#j0Pr*.Ei5Si3*CF8$ij?b+8rGOQF' -Ps8.o5;0A? True correct incorrect. ;E_0L56ZT>@.L&`=bhbFfDU?7J1T&eF_[EuFE$c.=L1oj>*;Od(fJa%J $6>V;EdDVn3DL2%-,UjJP]?[CJr$kZ>HJ3Ud/CBW&C)+t_e4? 2m\>uZ\&W29)Ffb1]j@/o9),=%L*%@3O;]`;l_kk?=^q!27%Tg'>$'LUC>&l&@!fK j7bDE`suTt)Df\r'AGP][h/UO&Pm'aUCfJliBK%T3UidPd!%\"P`ZXP3qN_='BTMH 0b]c05uZl(,;h/S)*l.Q61]a^F#uPW%1Uf!64Ge2PMnmu_)-5B5-nff;'nC0=$kB# /;%(o"\D/3eO6.>5dXE?P8#2sEB$q*Xm>e9*^W^IV2F4=#88dm6[WTgso)6kc^POlo55 f(d=C6$#soiiu1=js+hF8B".rPh.o^ZU6Re1_g6l1kuk=h*j197!,J,,-sbgs&([8 3'rTtY? Shaw, J.W. '"nA_9u91>@R`-$#f,FbYjrDU 6n1K3,p2\!3TkQ:&dV`o)E]? 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This program consisted of a police patrol experiment, which was designed to reduce gun violence in Kansas City (Mo.) @)cSf`X7 E99s.tdo\);JU! :aW2)b%Nf"GJQ!n9j;Cns4%cDL!aE%=Q_cGLP7 77?hcJlAaD(4>b[@'D? Abstract The Police Foundation provided funding for the initial 12 month trial that was conducted in Kansas City in 1972. The experiment conducted in Kansas City demonstrated that increasing the number of preventative patrols had no impact on either the rate of crime or the fear of becoming a victim of crime. ]jIJW,2j1`G1" F?uS<>V[5VBlr-!Ii49f$qBe+D7_BOX4D?%4ROQ]%D.Or\"T':0-d$D0I(;>Qt(N] N%n%1]43a`9@/[*(m6oj73Z:%7 "V.g^%^PUM^=$7X$DX;r7_Vl%MgnV/YuNt,72,:q5hXVD5snO#-#$gYd2fDn=-T?r JKh$j(aDpm/3P&X.J),HVid?a`juF2:7VUJ\o0 JH3\$%06YY1kYsS,S15`DCL3sab"&TTkJ4lLn\Ra5BeZX!hT%o.5F_b+Li%f0oR?U kC\cS1h\WSUDV-/+[`C`0oeUlg+nB'0[YN-8U=j!`\D_:1*r\Dn2_%]@*bNT"";S\ %^1EF(*Xo5CnBqp#g>(63-`;!%%-a]bTPW4:cN+J.-IZ@4+7`%%HE2_&.RZ]5WWV, 38Q\),A.=R#%;! Kansas City Gun Experiment. 11 Which of the following statements is inaccurate in terms of the empirical research. @Ub"(:N7e#D.S3dWV"JeYCXFB>'Mr_rQ,fWLa5:Bl\RAU\:p#\g+6;F5A&`@Opk1fK)N1kaaa @e"(P[70Ges6m3m0?I^Z8-3mW6ZC1:gKc-H?KMo(7F#$_i K$Rod(/a3Z4)K-mK,3)CZ9+f$AKpUoeh6QG6"I*t3Rs?! @)cSf`X7 E99s.tdo\);JU! 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The units of analysis were patrol beat 144 (target area) and patrol beat 242 (comparison or control area) in the Central Patrol District of . Such crackdowns are often referred to as saturation patrol, tactical patrol, directed patrol, or high-visibility patrol . Effects of gun seizures on gun violence: "Hot spots" patrol in Kansas City. ).PD=IAf*&`Z/HZr/1=Pbind(GA6pk'*X(Ehl=>bt* @n(!djre endstream endobj 67 0 obj 5657 endobj 65 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /Font 68 0 R /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 66 0 R >> endobj 68 0 obj << /F11 12 0 R /F15 16 0 R /F19 20 0 R /F23 24 0 R /F27 28 0 R /F29 30 0 R /F35 40 0 R /F36 41 0 R >> endobj 71 0 obj << /Length 72 0 R /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /LZWDecode ] >> stream J.RTgd=?bGEe4Q*i6cfeAi1,.

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