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ogaden population in kenya

    ogaden population in kenya

    The first and biggest are the inhabitants of the northeastern region of Kenya, bordering Somalia and Ethiopia. 12. Turton, The Isaq Somali Diaspora, 343. Lind et al., Killing a Mosquito, 1516. 81. Numerous political disputes between the colony and the UK subsequently led to the violent Mau Mau Uprising, which began in 1952, and the eventual declaration of independence in 1963. )imports: 822,000 metric tons (2020 est. ), household consumption: 79.5% (2017 est. )forest: 6.1% (2018 est. Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania, total: 580,367 sq kmland: 569,140 sq kmwater: 11,227 sq km, five times the size of Ohio; slightly more than twice the size of Nevada, total: 3,457 kmborder countries (5): Ethiopia 867 km; Somalia 684 km; South Sudan 317 km; Tanzania 775 km; Uganda 814 km, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior, low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west, highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 mlowest point: Indian Ocean 0 mmean elevation: 762 m, limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower, agricultural land: 48.1% (2018 est. 14. One Imam in Nakuru,Footnote97 for instance, who was born nearby Garissa, went to a local state primary school and then to different Islamic educational institutes on the coast, in Garissa and in Nairobi. Ceded to Ethiopia by the British in 1954, Ogaden has twice been fought over with Somalia, which claims the region . With nearly 53.8 million inhabitants, Kenya ranks among the 10 most populated nations in Africa. The intriguing conflicts which have been smoldering for a long period in the Horn of Africa erupted as Somalia invaded Ethiopia's Ogaden Province through subversion and direct aggression in an. Aminas story makes visible the relevance of family ties linking Somalia and Kenya. A shrinking presence of the state and the proliferation of small arms destabilized the region. Due to the years of war and negligence by the Ethiopian government, the quality of life in the Ogaden region has deteriorated. 39. This figure, however, seems too low. This is especially pronounced in the case of urbanized Somalis living outside the northeastern region. Most Samaal clans are widely distributed pastoralists, although a . )services: 47.5% (2017 est. Examples are Aden Duale, who became the Majority Leader of the National Assembly, Amina Mohammed Jibril, Cabinet Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and Adan Mohammed, Cabinet Secretary for Industrialization. 78. The Nubians of Kibera Revisited: Detribalized Natives, Slum Dwellers, Middle Class? Box 606 Village Market, 00621 Nairobimailing address: 8900 Nairobi Place, Washington, DC 20521-8900telephone: [254] (20) 363-6000FAX: [254] (20) 363-6157email address and website: kenya_acs@state.govhttps://ke.usembassy.gov/, three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large Maasai warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center; black symbolizes the majority population, red the blood shed in the struggle for freedom, green stands for natural wealth, and white for peace; the shield and crossed spears symbolize the defense of freedom, lion; national colors: black, red, green, white, name: "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu" (Oh God of All Creation)lyrics/music: Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE/traditional, adapted by Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKEnote: adopted 1963; based on a traditional Kenyan folk song, total World Heritage Sites: 7 (4 cultural, 3 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Lake Turkana National Parks (n); Mount Kenya National Park (n); Lamu Old Town (c); Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests (c); Fort Jesus, Mombasa (c); Kenya Lake System in the Great Rift Valley (n); Thimlich Ohinga Archaeological Site (c), fast growing, third largest Sub-Saharan economy; strong agriculture and emerging services and tourism industries; current account deficit and high debt; broadband and mobile-money platform investments; surging inflation due to oil and food hikes; new investor-friendly incentives; environmentally fragile economy, $251.431 billion (2021 est. 107.53 million vs 49.36 million 49.74$ billion higher GDP (PPP)? They also inhabit Somalia's major cities such as Mogadishu and Kismayo. )arable land: 9.8% (2018 est. The British established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which in 1920 was converted into a colony and named Kenya after its highest mountain. Nairobi Development and the Somali Question in Kenya, c. 191517. 80. The areas with altitudes between 1,400 and 1,600 metres are characterised as semi-arid; receiving as much as 500-600 mm of rainfall annually. The successful candidate must secure 25% of votes in more than half of the counties, turning northeastern counties into swing regions. Islam is also one of the elements dividing Kenyan Somalis from the Christian majority. These Highlands are unique in that their elevation does not gradually increase, but rather shoots straight up immediately from the flat land below. 84. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The term ambiguous citizens seems to capture this situation better than the often-used expression second class citizens, as it carries the notion of uncertainty and the undetermined, as well as the emotional side of citizenship, going beyond a purely legal definition. It was created in 1974 [2] and is bordered by the Ogaden in Ethiopia, the North Eastern Province in Kenya, and the Somali regions of Bakool, Bay, Jubbada Dhexe (Middle Juba), and Jubbada Hoose (Lower Juba) further down east. The situation of an Ogaden born in Kenya is very different from the one of an Ogaden born in Kismayo from one born in Region 5. A. Abdullahi, Kenyan Somalis are Treated Like Second-class Citizens, Daily Nation, 12 April 2014. http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Kenyan-Somalis-treated-like-second-class-citizens-/440808-2277348-pj74alz/index.html. But the Somali dwellers outside North Eastern Province were those who really suffered.Footnote20, Although the emergency regulations persisted until the early 1990s, the northeastern region and its inhabitants became gradually more included into the Kenyan state.Footnote21 After a foiled coup in 1982, President Moi incorporated Somali elites into his apparatus to secure his power base,Footnote22 enabling some of them to make a career in the state administration. It is Kenya that does not want Somalis in Kenya.Footnote10, Even in colonial times, the Somali population of British East Africa was treated differently from other inhabitants. Mohammed, from the Dhadhaab (or Dadaab) camp in Kenya, described to Ogaden Online (OO) 1/12/2012 how he was captured by the Ethiopian military, accused of being a supporter of the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) and mercilessly tortured. )$4,500 (2020 est. The Ogaden (Somali: Ogaadeen, Arabic: ) is a Somali clan, and one of the largest Darod subclans. Abyssinia of eastern Africa. While she described the first and the third group as being closed, she depicted Kenyan Somalis as open. )percent of population: 29% (2021 est. )exports of goods and services: 13.9% (2017 est. This country has a population size of a little over 102.4 million, making it the second most populated country in Africa. On the massacre see also TJRC, Final Report 2A, 221367, and Sheikh, Blood on the Runway. Overall NFD population is 2.2 million. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49, 530 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est. In the colonial classification, urbanized alien Somalis neither counted as European, nor as truly Asian or as clearly African, but as something in between, not fitting the categories. In contrast to the above-mentioned groups, however, their ambiguousness has a more severe impact. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Lonsdale, Soil, Work, Civilization, 308. In this paper, I show that the position of Somalis as ambiguous citizens is not new, but goes back at least to the independence era, if not earlier. [8] In particular, the ONLF operates in Ogaden areas. ), total population: 70.04 yearsmale: 68.31 yearsfemale: 71.82 years (2023 est. Registered in England & Wales No. In 1977, the Somalia National. Somali Entrepreneurs in Kenya Have Transformed the Informal Retail Economy in Substantive Ways, MPI for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, in Association with Cityscapes Magazine, Territorializing Ethnicity: the Imposition of a Model of Statehood on Pastoralists in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia. ), milk, tea, beef, maize, sugar cane, tomatoes, mangoes/guavas, potatoes, beans, bananas, agriculture, transportation, services, manufacturing, construction, telecommunications, tourism, retail, agriculture: 61.1%industry: 6.7%services: 32.2% (2005 est. The main part of the data, consisting of open and structured interviews (such as social network interviews) as well as participant observation, was collected in several periods of extended field research since 2010 mainly in urban Somali neighbourhoods, Somali shopping centres, and Islamic institutions. Kenyan Somalis from the northeastern region also explained their Kenyanness with cultural differences to Somalians. The adjusted numbers published later are still considered dubious by many.Footnote53 Weitzberg has shown how problematic census results were already in colonial times.Footnote54 For nomadic populations, underreporting was observed frequently, as the census logic is linked to a sedentary lifestyle. McIntosh, Autochthony and Family, 257. ), improved: urban: 91.3% of populationrural: 63.3% of populationtotal: 71.2% of populationunimproved: urban: 8.7% of populationrural: 36.7% of populationtotal: 28.8% of population (2020 est. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Ambiguous citizens: Kenyan Somalis and the question of belonging, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Department Integration and Conflict, Halle (Saale), Germany, Accidental Citizens: Etherealizing Securitized Identities of Somalis in Kenya; Contesting Representation, Identity and Belonging, Marginal Actors? This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 74. 53. 28 Apr 2023 12:38:55 This makes it more difficult for the vast majority of Somalis not involved in these movements to claim their Kenyanness. the song Narudi nyumbani/coming home by Nameless, written in 2010 as a tribute to Kenyan sportspeople who represent (their) nation), advertisements (such as Niko na Safaricom/I have Safaricom, a mobile network operator in Kenya) and TV shows.Footnote43 Furthermore, the idea was at the core of civil society initiatives. As a result, this area remained separated from the rest of Kenya and was ruled under emergency regulations. For Somalians, Kenyan Somalis are Somali sijui, Somali who do not know (neither Somali language nor culture), brothers and sisters, but not real Somalis. 33. He is working as a project manager in an IT company, even though had never gone to university due to financial reasons. The only thing that is bringing us [ethnic Somalis from Kenya and Somalia] together is the religion, and slightly the language, and the colour. Their figures rely on the (problematic) census 2009. 76. 28. Letter by B. Jommo, Cross-ethnic and Proud of Ourselves, Daily Nation, 14 August 2009. http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Letters/440806-639674-8crbl7z/index.html. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 447,608 tons (2009 est. ), urban population: 29.5% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Unlike Abdullahi, who always insisted on remaining in Kenya, both of his brothers now live in Europe. Yet devolution also led to new power struggles. This relevance is reflected in arguments about the census, taken every 10 years. Nobody questions the connection of Kenyan Somalis to the soil of the northeastern region, where most of them live: what is disputed is the question of whether or not this makes them Kenyan. The Ogaden was one of these and the two others were Djibouti and the Northern Frontier District in Kenya. )beer: 0.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Horn of Africa. )$4,600 (2019 est. 22. Kenyan Somalis at times naively buy into this national delusion until they are violently awakened to the reality by events like the current exercise [operation usalama watch], and then put in their rightful place. [7] The Ogaden clan "constitutes the backbone of the ONLF ". Interview with Cawo, Kopenhagen, August 2015. 5. the report brings us up to date on a 20 year-old insurgency waged by some Ogadeeni members of the larger ethnic Somali population in parts of the Ogaden region, which stretches across south-eastern Ethiopia and the borders of Kenya and the Somali territories. Kenya Population Census 1969, 1; Kenya Population Census 1979, 8. Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC). Walaal means sister or brother in Somali and is, similar to warya, a reminder of difference. I either refer to the name used during the respective period or use the geographical term northeastern region. Giving Informality Room. HRW, Death and Disappearances, 1213. Daily Nation, Kenya Vows to Appeal Verdict Blocking Dadaab Camp Closure, 9 February 2017. http://www.nation.co.ke/news/High-Court-cancels-closure-of-Dabaab/1056-3806030-7enmgdz/index.html; Daily Nation, Weve to Shut Dadaab for Security, Uhuru Kenyatta Tells UN, 8 March 2017. http://www.nation.co.ke/news/-Dadaab-Uhuru-Kenyatta-UN-Antonio-Guterres/1056-3841890-2qvff6z/index.html. )101.991 (2019 est. Interviews with Mzee Jamal and with Nabiil, Nakuru, October 2010. )government consumption: 14.3% (2017 est. Elliott, Planning, Property and Plots, 512. 3. Interview with Mzee Jamal, November 2010. There had been warnings that were not taken seriously concerning the attacks on the Westgate Mall (2013), the coastal town Mpeketoni close to Lamu (2014), as well as on the Garissa University College (2015).Footnote69 Moreover, when the Kenyan security apparatus reacted, it did so in an incoherent and chaotic way.Footnote70 Instead of improving coordination between the multiple security agencies, political actors responded in the same manner as before by blaming terrorism on Somali refugees in particular and the Somali inhabitants of Kenya in general, externalizing insecurity by utilizing the image of Somalis as ambiguous citizens, ignoring that many of the attackers were neither Kenyan Somalis nor Somali nationals.Footnote71. )methane emissions: 37.65 megatons (2020 est. This status was similar to that of Nubians, see Sarre, The Nubians of Kibera.. This perception was not only linked to a feeling of cultural proximity, but also to personal contacts which are often clan-centred. administered Somali territories of northern Kenya and Somaliland. Kenyan Somalis are not the only ambiguous citizens of Kenya. )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. These centers traded with the outside world, including China, India, Indonesia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Persia. 4. McIntosh, Autochthony and Family, 265. Kenya is a source of emigrants and a host country for refugees. )agricultural: 3.23 billion cubic meters (2020 est. Whittaker, A New Model Village, 120. P. Leftie and J. Otieno, How North Eastern Figures Went Wrong, Daily Nation, 1 September 2010. http://www.nation.co.ke/news/How-North-Eastern-figures-went-wrong-/1056-1001530-1d3tow/index.html. Ogden is currently growing at a rate of 0.08% annually and its population has increased by 0.25% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 86,726 in 2020. This notion laid the basis for rendering all Kenyan Somalis as non-native Africans after independence.Footnote81 In the late 1990s and early 2000s Somali Members of Parliament spoke about a policy of apartheid and of biological nationalism.Footnote82 The only other group having such an in-between status are Nubians,Footnote83 who have to go through a similar vetting process when applying for national identification documents, which includes not only the presentation of numerous documents (such as parents birth certificates), but also the recognition by a chief to indeed belong to the local community.Footnote84, The racial component also plays out in the daily life of Kenyan Somalis. The region has an estimated population of about 4.5 million. Not only the Kenyan secular system is therefore creating bonds, but also religious education taking place within the country. This paper deals with the way a politics of belonging has been enacted in recent years in Kenya, and what this means for the Somali population of the country. 61. ), fossil fuels: 8.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est. When asked how they would identify when having to choose between the two, Kenyan Somalis were not only among those groups with the highest rates of choosing a national (Kenyan) over an ethnic identity, this trend deepened between the years 20052006 (about one-third of the Somali respondents) and 20162018 (about two-thirds of the respondents).Footnote108 In the same period, their feeling of being (often or always) treated unfairly by the government because of their ethnicity declined in the opposite direction (from about 70% to about 40%). 0-14 years: 36.45% (male 10,447,425/female 10,349,611)15-64 years: 60.26% (male 17,196,347/female 17,185,035)65 years and over: 3.28% (2023 est.) These developments, however, are overshadowed by the securitization discourse in the Kenyan public sphere. (English)The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. The practices around the issuance of identity papers, the discrimination through vetting processes, as well as the forgery of papers, led to hopes that the introduction of biometric databases could make the registration and recognition process more transparent. The movement of people from Somalia to . Sometimes the status of insider is almost impossible to reach. He now lives there with a Kikuyu woman and their young daughter. )hydroelectricity: 32.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )$25.706 billion (2018 est. In 1884, the British declared that the Ogaden region belonged to Ethiopia, but Kenya refused to recognize this decision. 16. ), Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar -109.638 (2021 est. Ogden is a city located in Weber County Utah.It is also the county seat of Weber County.With a 2023 population of 86,942, it is the 8th largest city in Utah and the 399th largest city in the United States. KHRC, Foreigners at Home, 2426; Interview with Amina, August 2016. Menkaus, Conflict Assessment, 3839. )106.451 (2020 est. Even the existence of Somali heroes, as seen in the Westgate Mall AttackFootnote100 or initiatives against that image (#KenyaImNotATerrorist)Footnote101 do not seem to change this picture. In the following, I will discuss three further citizen-making instruments, which have particularly influenced the position of Kenyan Somalis since the post-election violence of 2007/8: the census of 2009, the elections of 2013, and the securitization of politics since 2013. ), total: 26.94 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 29.94 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 23.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. On average, around 7 people live in each house; access to drinking water is very limited (barely 38% of the population). Accessed March 7, 2018. http://www.afrobarometer.org. )geothermal: 46.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Kenyan Somalis seem to be ambiguous in both of them.

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